According to Kyrgyzhydromet, in the winter of 2022–2023 Bishkek recorded only one day with good air. A study by UNDP and UNEP names high-sulphur coal burned to heat homes as the main source of pollution, together with traffic and the loss of trees in the city. Smog is especially dangerous for people with heart and respiratory conditions, children and pregnant women.
No one can change the city’s air alone, but you can make the air at home much cleaner.
1. Monitor air quality
Apps and websites such as IQAir show the air quality index (AQI). On days with a high index, spend less time outside, don’t exercise outdoors and keep the windows shut. In Bishkek the air is usually worst in the evening and at night, when stoves are lit.
2. Choose an air purifier
An air purifier is the most effective home tool against smog. What to look for:
- A HEPA filter, class H13 or H14. It traps the most dangerous fine particles — PM2.5. “HEPA-type” does not always mean true HEPA.
- A carbon filter. It traps odours and some gases — useful against the smell of smoke.
- Clean air delivery rate (CADR). The device should cycle all the air in the room at least 3–5 times an hour. For a 20 m² room with a 2.7 m ceiling, that is roughly 160–270 m³/h.
- Noise level. For a bedroom, choose a model with a night mode.
- Filter price and availability. Filters are replaced every 6–12 months — make sure replacements are on sale before you buy.
Run the purifier in a room with the door closed for the best effect.
3. Masks: a respirator, not a medical mask
Ordinary medical and cloth masks give almost no protection against PM2.5. During smog you need an FFP2, KN95 or N95 respirator. It must fit tightly — a beard or the wrong size reduces protection. A respirator is meant for single use or a few hours.
4. Ventilate wisely
- Air the room briefly when the index is lower — usually during the day or in windy weather.
- Avoid opening windows in the evening and at night.
- After airing, run the purifier on high for 15–20 minutes.
5. Humidity and cleanliness
Heating dries out the air in winter; 40–60% humidity is comfortable for breathing. A humidifier helps, but it must be cleaned regularly. Dust with a damp cloth and use a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter.
In short
- Watch the AQI and stay indoors on bad days.
- A purifier with an H13 HEPA filter and a CADR to match the room.
- Outdoors — an FFP2/KN95 respirator.
- Ventilate at the right time and keep humidity at 40–60%.
In the catalogue: climate appliances, medical supplies.
Sources: kaktus.media (Kyrgyzhydromet data for winter 2022–2023), UNDP and UNEP study on air pollution in Bishkek. This article is not medical advice; consult a doctor about your health.